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求学加拿大重要一课:工学结合
 作者: Julie Walchli    时间: 2014年09月04日    位置: 专栏>>学在加拿大     
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Julie Walchli是加拿大温哥华英属哥伦比亚大学文学院合作教育项目创始人和负责人、该校合作教育协会前任主席及加拿大合作教育协会候任主席。从事合作教育工作前,她在英属哥伦比亚大学英语系担任了7年的教职。
为何许多加拿大高校都鼓励学生走出课堂去学习?对于此间大学中盛行的“工学结合”大家需要了解些什么?

????说到大学教育,你脑海中会浮现出什么样的画面呢?是坐在大阶梯教室前排听专家讲课?在实验室里努力做实验?参加小组讨论?还是在大学图书馆泡上几小时“啃书”?

????在加拿大,虽然这些都可能是多数大学生在校生涯的一部分,但学校也越来越鼓励学生走出校园,到社区去参加各种活动。浏览加拿大主要大学的网站就会发现,其中大多数都有“动手”学习内容,也就是让学生把理论和实践结合起来,而且这种学习正越来越被看作是大学生涯的核心。

????这些把正规教育和工作实践联系在一起的活动称为“工学结合”(Work Integrated Learning)。它引发关注的原因有几个:首先,安大略省高等教育质量委员会(Higher Education and Quality Council of Ontario)的一系列研究显示,完成课堂学习和社区学习的学生通常会觉得自己的学习更深入,对自身和选择的学术方向也更有信心。

????由于全球劳动力市场的变化,如今找工作或者读研的难度大幅上升。简历上的毕业前工作经历有助于让学生脱颖而出。工学结合会让本科毕业生在找工作或者报考研究生、申请去专业学院深造时获得竞争优势。

????那么,什么是工学结合?对于加拿大多数高校开设的各类工学结合课程项目,学生又需要了解些什么?大多数工学结合都是选修课,并不与学位直接挂钩,而且有些形式的工学结合项目只适合某一部分学生。在加拿大,最常见的工学结合模式包括:

????实习:这也许是实业领域描述工作经历的最常用词汇。实习包括带薪实习和无薪实习,期限也有长有短。过去2-3年中,随着大型盈利组织压榨无薪实习生的报道屡屡登上新闻头条,无薪实习在北美受到了严格监督。受此影响,无薪实习正在发生变化,越来越多的公司开始考虑带薪实习,或者把实习作为大学课程,让参加实习的学生获得拿学位所需的学分。有时正规大学会把实习纳入获得学位的课程之中,但在更多情况下,实习机会由企业提供,学生需要应聘并利用课余时间完成实习。

????评估实习机会时要考虑的因素包括:它是否带薪,如果是无薪实习,学生就要综合考虑其他方面的付出,进行比较,看花在实习上的时间是否合理。相关公司以前是否招过实习生,如果招过,那些实习生对自己的经历作何评价?实习期间,是否有机会做大量和自己的专业以及职业目标相关的工作?还是说会更多地在办公室里打杂?对来自海外地区的国际学生来说,还要考虑实习是否需要工作签证。

????What do you imagine when you think about a university education? Sitting in large lecture halls, listening to experts at the front of the room? Working hard on lab experiments or participating in discussion groups? Spending hours in front of books at the university’s library?

????While all of these activities are likely to be part of most students’ experience at Canadian universities, increasingly students are also being encouraged to participate in activities that take them outside the classroom and into the community. Look at the web sites of most major Canadian universities and you’ll see that “hands-on” learning that allows students to integrate theories with practice is increasingly viewed as central to the university experience.

????This focus on Work Integrated Learning (WIL)—programs that combine work with formal education—is the result of several factors. First, studies, including a series from the Higher Education and Quality Council of Ontario, show that students who complement classroom learning with learning in the community usually feel they learn more deeply and are more confident about themselves and their academic choices direction

????As the changing global labour market makes getting a job or getting into graduate school a lot more difficult, having work experience on your resume prior to graduation helps students differentiate themselves from their fellow students. WIL gives graduates a competitive advantage in the labour market, for graduate school, and for professional schools.

????So what is WIL and what do students need to know about the different types of programs available to them at most Canadian universities? Most forms of WIL are optional, not required elements of a university degree, and some forms will be better suited to some students than others. Some of the most common types of WIL in Canada include:

????Internships: Probably the most commonly used term to describe work experience in industry, Internships can mean paid or unpaid work of varying durations. Unpaid internships have come under scrutiny in North America in the past 2-3 years as stories of large, profitable organizations exploiting unpaid interns have captured headlines. As a result, practices around unpaid internships are changing, and more organizations are looking at bringing on interns either in paid roles, or from university programs that give students’ credit for their internships towards their degree program. Sometimes internship programs are part of a formal university program integrated with the degree, but more often they are opportunities that an employer posts and students apply for, completing them on their own time.

????In assessing an internship opportunity, consider: Is it paid? If not, are the volunteer hours reasonable given my other commitments? Will the experience count for credit towards my degree? Has the employer hired interns before? If so, what do past interns say about their experience? Will I be asked to do substantial work related to my degree and career goals, or will I be doing more menial work around the office? If I’m an international student, do I need a work visa for an internship?












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最佳评论

@关子临: 自信也许会压倒聪明,演技的好坏也许会压倒脑力的强弱,好领导就是循循善诱的人,不独裁,而有见地,能让人心悦诚服。    参加讨论>>
@DuoDuopa:彼得原理,是美国学者劳伦斯彼得在对组织中人员晋升的相关现象研究后得出的一个结论:在各种组织中,由于习惯于对在某个等级上称职的人员进行晋升提拔,因而雇员总是趋向于晋升到其不称职的地位。    参加讨论>>
@Bruce的森林:正念,应该可以解释为专注当下的事情,而不去想过去这件事是怎么做的,这件事将来会怎样。一方面,这种理念可以帮助员工排除杂念,把注意力集中在工作本身,减少压力,提高创造力。另一方面,这不失为提高员工工作效率的好方法。可能后者是各大BOSS们更看重的吧。    参加讨论>>


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